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= =
= HP 2000 PART 2 (STATEMENTS) =
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= CAPTURED BY =
= =
= BLITZIOD ?? & GALACTUS ** =
= =
= of =
= =
= THE ELITE HACKERS GUILD =
= =
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STATEMENTS
**********
1. ADVANCE 2. ASSIGN 3. CHAIN 4. COM
5. CONVERT 6. CREATE 7. DATA 8. DEF
9. DIM 10. END 11. ENTER 12. FILES
13. FOR & NEXT 14. GOSUB & RETURN 15. GOTO 16. IF...THEN
17. IF END 18. IF ERROR 19. IMAGE 20. INPUT
21. LET 22. LINPUT 23. LINPUT# 24. LOCK
25. NEXT 26. PURGE 27. READ 28. READ#
29. REM 30. RESTORE 31. STOP 32. SYSTEM
33. UNLOCK 34. UPDATE
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?1
ADVANCE
GEN FORM: ADVANCE #FILE NUMBER;SKIP COUNT,RETURN VARIABLE
THE ADVANCE STATEMENT CAUSES THE SPECIFIED FILE (SIGNIFIED BY THE
FILE NUMBER) POINTER TO BE MOVED PAST THE NUMBER OF ITEMS
SPECIFIED IN THE SKIP COUNT. THE SKIP COUNT IS LIMITED TO 32767 AND
MUST BE A POSITIVE INTEGER. IF THE 'ADVANCE STATEMENT IS EXECUTED SUCCESSFULLY
THE RETURN VARIABLE IS SET TO '0'. IF AN END-OF-FILE MARKER IS ENCOUNTERED
BEFORE THE SPECIFIED NUMBER OF ITEMS HAVE BEEN SKIPPED THE RETURN VARIABLE
WILL BE SET TO THE NUMBER OF ITEMS YET TO BE SKIPPED. THE ADVANCE
STATEMENT CANNOT BE USED WITH ASCII FILES.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?2
ASSIGN
GEN FORM: ASSIGN FILE DESIGNATOR,FILE NO.,RETURN VAR.,[MASK],[RESTRICTION]
OR
ASSIGN *,FILE NUMBER,[RETURN VARIABLE]
THE ASSIGN STATEMENT IS USED TO ASSIGN A FILE TO A FILE NUMBER
RESERVED IN THE FILES STATEMENT (eg. 100 FILES *,*,*) AND TO OPEN THE
FILE. THE FILE DESIGNATOR CAN BE A STRING OR CAN BE ENCLOSED IN QUOTES
BUT IT MUST BE A VALID FILE NAME. IF AN ASTERISK (*) IS USED IN PLACE
OF THE FILE DESIGNATOR THE FILE PREVIOSLY ASSIGNED TO THAT FILE
NUMBER IS CLOSED. THE OPTIONAL MASK IS A STRING USED TO SCRAMBLE BASIC
FORMATTED FILES AS TO MAKE THEM 'GREEK' TO USERS NOT ACCESSING THE FILE
WITH THE SPECIFIED MASK. THE SAME MASK MUST BE USED
WHEN READING FROM THE FILE AS WAS USED WHEN IT WAS PRINTED ON THE FILE.
THE OPTIONAL RESTRICTION IS A TWO-LETTER CODE USED TO SPECIFY ACCESSABILITY
RESTRICTIONS ON THE FILE. RESTRICTION CODES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
RR NO SUBSEQUENT USER CAN ACCESS THE FILE WHILE
THE FILE IS OPEN
WR SUBSEQUENT USERS CAN READ FROM BUT CANNOT WRITE
TO WHILE THE FILE IS OPEN
NR SUBSEQUENT USERS CAN READ & WRITE WHILE THE FILE IS
OPEN (NOTE: THE FILE MUST HAVE MUTIPLE WRITE
ACCESS FOR THIS RESTRICTION).
RETURN VARIABLES:
0 FILE AVAILABLE FOR READ AND WRITE
1 AVAILABLE FOR READ ONLY
2 READ ONLY
3 FILE DOES NOT EXIST OR IS NOT ACCESSABLE
4 FILE NUMBER OUT OF RANGE
5 NO BUFFER SPACE AVAILABLE FOR FILE
6 FILE IS UNAVAILABLE FOR READ OR WRITE
7 SPECIFED RESTRICTIONS IMPOSSIBLE
8 FILE IS AVAILABLE FOR WRITE ONLY
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?3
CHAIN
GEN FORM: CHAIN [RETURN VAR.,]PROGRAM DESIGNATOR,[NUMERIC EXPRESSION]
THE CHAIN STATEMENT CAUSES THE CURRENT RUNNING PROGRAM TO TERMINATE
AND BEGIN EXECUTION OF THE PROGRAM SPECIFIED BY THE PROGRAM DESIGNATOR.
THE PROGRAM DESIGNATOR MAY BE ENCLOSED IN QUOTES OR MAY BE A STRING.
THE NUMERIC EXPRESSION CAN BE USED TO DEFINE A LINE NUMBER IN
THE PROGRAM TO BE CHAINED TO. IF SUCH AN EXPRESSION IS DEFINED PROGRAM
EXECUTION WILL BEGIN AT THE SPECIFIED LINE NUMBER.
RETURN VARIABLES:
0 SUCCESSFUL
1 BAD STATEMENT NUMBER SPECIFIED
2 NO ACCESS PERMITTED TO NAMED PROGRAM
3 CHAIN NOT PERMITTED
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?4
COM
GEN. FORM: COM COMMON LIST
THE COMMON STATEMENT IS USED TO LIST THE VARIABLES THAT
ARE COMMON BETWEEN TWO CHAINED PROGRAMS. ALL COMMON STRINGS
AND STATEMENTS MUST ALSO BE DIMINSIONED HERE.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?5
CONVERT
GEN. FORM: CONVERT NUMERIC EXPRESSION TO DESTINATION STRING
OR
CONVERT SOURCE STRING TO NUMERIC VARIABLE [,STMT #]
THE CONVERT STATEMENT IS USED TO CONVERT A STRING TO A VARIABLE
OR A VARIABLE TO A STRING.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?6
CREATE
GEN. FORM: CREATE RETURN VAR., FILE DESIGNATOR, FILE LENGTH [,RECORD SIZE]
THE CREATE STATEMENT CREATES A BASIC FORMATTED FILE OF
THE DESIGNATED LENGTH. THE RETURN VARIABLES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
RETURN VALUE MEANING
0 THE FILE WAS CREATED SUCCESSFULLY
1 A FILE ALREADY EXISTS WITH THE SAME NAME
2 INVALID FILE NAME, ACCESS, FILE LENGTH OR
RECORD SIZE
3 NO SPACE IN THE ACCOUNT
4 NO SPACE IN THE SYSTEM
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?7
DATA
GEN. FORM: DATA CONSTANT LIST
THE DATA STATEMENT IS WHERE THE DATA IS STORED FOR THE
READ STATEMENT. IT IS ENTERED IN SEQUENCE WITH EACH ITEM
SEPARATED BY COMMAS. ANY STRING DATA MUST BE ENCLOSED IN
QUOTES.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?8
DEF
GEN. FORM: DEF FUNCTION NAME(PARAMETER)=NUMERIC EXPRESSION
THE 'DEF' STATEMENT IS USED TO DEFINE A FUNCTION
SUCH AS: A**2/(SQR(X)). HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A USER DEFINED FUNCTION:
10 DEF FNA(X) = A**2/(SQR(X))
ALL FUNCTION NAMES MUST BEGIN WITH 'FN' AND HAVE A THIRD CHARACTER
BETWEEN 'A' AND 'Z'. THE 'X' IN PARENTHASIS IS A DUMMY VARIABLE.
ITS PURPOSE IS TO SHOW WHAT ARGUMENT WILL BE USED WHEN THE FUNCTION
IS SUMMONED.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?9
DIM
GEN. FORM: DIM DIMENSION LIST
THE DIM STATEMENT IS USED TO SET THE AMOUNT OF SPACE ALLOTED
IN THE PROGRAM FOR A STRING OR AN ARRAY.
EXAMPLE: 20 DIM A(5),B(50),C$(100),D(7,10)
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?10
END
GEN. FORM: END
THE END STATEMENT TERMINATES THE RUNNING OR EXECUTING OF A
PROGRAM. IT MAY OCCUR ANY WHERE IN THE PROGRAM BUT THE END STATEMENT
MUST ALWAYS OCCUR AT THE END OF A PROGRAM.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?11
ENTER
GEN. FORM: ENTER #NUMERIC VARIABLE
OR
ENTER [# VARIABLE,] TIME ALLOWED, RETURN VAR., READ VAR,.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?12
FILES
GEN. FORM: FILES FILES LIST
THE FILES STATEMENT IS USED AT THE BEGINNING OF A PROGRAM
TO OPEN THE FILES FOR USE IN THE PROGRAM. AN '*' MAY BE USED
TO HOLD THE PLACE OF A FILE TO BE DESIGNATED LATER.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?13
FOR & NEXT
GEN. FORM: FOR FOR VAR.=INITIAL VALUE TO FINAL VALUE [STEP SIZE]
NEXT FOR VARIABLE
THE FOR NEXT LOOP ALLOWES YOU TO GO THROUGH A SET STATEMENT
A SPECIFIED NO. OF TIMES. FOR EXAMPLE IF YOUR LOOP WAS:
100 FOR P=1 TO 5
.
.
150 NEXT P
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?14
GOSUB & RETURN
GEN. FORM: GOSUB STATEMENT NO.
OR
GOSUB NUMERIC EXP. OF STATEMENT NO. LIST
RETURN
THE GOSUB STATEMENT IS A WAY OF DROPPING TO ANOTHER PART
OF THE PROGRAM BUT STILL KEEPING YOUR PLACE WHERE YOU ARE SO
YOU CAN RETURN AND CONTINUE ON WITH THE PROGRAM. IF GOSUBS ARE
NESTED MORE THAN 20 DEEP THEN THE PROGRAM WILL TERMINATE WITH
AN ERROR STATEMENT.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?15
GOTO
GEN. FORM: GOTO STATEMENT NO.
OR
GOTO NUMERIC EXPRESSION OF STATEMENT # LIST
THE GOTO STATEMENT OVERRIDES THE NORMAL ORDER THAT STATEMENTS
ARE CARRIED OUT. IT TELLS THE PROGRAM TO SKIP TO THE SPECIFIED LINE
NUMBER AND CONTINUE EXECUTION OF THE PROGRAM FROM THERE. GREAT CARE
SHOULD BE TAKEN WHEN A GOTO STATEMENT ENTERS A FOR... NEXT LOOP.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?16
IF...THEN
GEN. FORM: IF NUMERIC RELATION THEN STATEMENT NO.
OR
IF STRING RELATION THEN STATEMENT NO.
THE IF...THEN STATEMENT TELLS THE PROGRAM IF THE SPECIFED
RELATION IS TRUE THEN GO TO THE SPECIFIED LINE NO. IF THE RELATION
IS NOT TRUE THEN IT DROPS ON THROUGH AND CONTINUES EXECUTION AS NORMAL.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?17
IF END
GEN. FORM: IF END #FILE NO. THEN STATEMENT NO.
THIS STATEMENT TELLS THE COMPUTER THAT IF THE FILE POINTER IS AT
THE END OF FILE MARK THEN TO GO ON TO THE SPECIFIED LINE NUMBER.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?18
IF ERROR
GEN. FORM: IF ERROR THEN STATEMENT NO.
THE IF ERROR STATEMENT IS USUALLY USED IN COORDINATION WITH THE
SYS STATEMENT. IT IS USED TO DETERMINE WHAT ERROR IS OCCURING IN
THE RUNNING OF THE PROGRAM.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO S INPUT
GEN. FORM: INPUT READ VARIABLE LIST
THE INPUT STATEMENT IS USED TO ENTER DATA THROUGH THE KEYBOARD.
A '?' IS PRINTED TO INDICATE YOU NEED TO ENTER DATA.
BOTH NUMERIC AND STRING DATA MAY BE ENTERED.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?20
INPUT
GEN. FORM: INPUT READ VARIABLE LIST
THE INPUT STATEMENT IS USED TO ENTER DATA THROUGH THE KEYBOARD.
A '?' IS PRINTED TO INDICATE YOU NEED TO ENTER DATA.
BOTH NUMERIC AND STRING DATA MAY BE ENTERED.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?21
LET
GEN. FORM: [LET] REPLACEMENT LIST=NUMERIC EXPRESSION
OR
[LET] DESTINATION STRING=STRING EXPRESSION
THE LET STATEMENT IS USED TO SET A VARIABLE OR A STRING EQUAL
TO A NUMBER OR AN EXPRESSION. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE:
10 LET B=73
THE 'LET' IS NOT NECESSARY SO YOU COULD SAY '100 B=73'.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?22
LINPUT
GEN. FORM: LINPUT DESTINATION STRING
THE LINPUT STATEMENT ALLOWS THE USER TO ENTER AN ENTIRE LINE
OF STRING DATA. THIS INCLUDES COMMAS,QUOTE MARKS, AND LEADING AND
TRAILING BLANKS.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?23
LINPUT#
GEN. FORM: LINPUT #FILE NUMBER;DESTINATION STRING
THIS STATEMENT READS THE NEXT AVALIABLE RECORD INTO A DESTINATION STRING. AN ASCII FILE MUST BE USED.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?24
LOCK
GEN. FORM: LOCK #FILE NUMBER [,RETURN VARIABLE]
THE LOCK STATEMENT IS USED TO GIVE YOU EXCLUSIVE ACCESS TO
YOUR FILES. THE RETURN VARIABLES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
RETURN VALUE MEANING
0 FILE LOCKED SUCCESSFULLY
1 FILE ALREADY LOCKED
2 INVALID FILE NUMBER
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?25
NEXT
REFER TO FOR & NEXT
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?26
PURGE
GEN. FORM: PURGE RETURN VARIABLE,FILE DESIGNATOR
THE PURGE STATEMENT IS USED TO DELETE A FILE FROM THE SYSTEM
IT CAN ONLY BE USED AFTER A FILE IS CLOSED.
RETURN VARIABLE MEANING
0 FILE SUCCESSFULLY PURGED
1 FILE IS BUSY CANNOT BE PURGED
2 FILE NOT ACCESSIBLE
3 NO SUCH FILE
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?27
READ
GEN. FORM: READ READ VARIABLE LIST
THE READ STATEMENT READS STRING AND NUMERIC VALUES FROM THE
DATA STATEMENT.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?28
READ#
GEN. FORM: READ #FILE NO. [,RECORD NO.] [;READ VARIABLE LIST]
THE READ# STATEMENT READS FROM A FILE LISTED IN THE FILES
STATEMENT. THE FILE NO. DETERMINES WHICH FILE WILL BE READ FROM
AND THE READ VARIABLE DETERMINES WHAT TYPE OF DATA CAN BE READ.
STRING DATA CAN'T BE READ WITH A NUMERIC VARIABLE.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?29
REM
GEN. FORM: REM [REMARK]
THE REMARK STATEMENT IS USED TO ADD REMARKS IN YOUR
PROGRAM. THESE REMARKS ARE NOT PRINTED OR CARRIED OUT
DURING THE RUNNING OF YOUR PROGRAM.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?30
RESTORE
GEN. FORM: RESTORE [STATEMENT NUMBER]
THE RESTORE STATEMENT MOVES THE POINTER BACK TO THE FIRST
ITEM IN THE DATA.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?31
STOP
GEN. FORM: STOP
THE STOP STATEMENT ENDS EXECUTION OF THE PROGRAM. IT MAY
BE INSERTED ANY WHERE IN THE PROGRAM.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?32
SYSTEM
GEN. FORM: SYSTEM RETURN VARIABLE, SOURCE STRING
OR
SYSTEM DESTINATION STRING , SOURCE STRING
THE STSTEM STATEMENT LETS YOU EXECUTE THE SYSTEM COMMANDS DURING
THE RUNNING OF THE PROGRAM. THE COMMANDS THAT MAY BE USED ARE:
BYE, ECHO, MESSAGE, FILE, PROTECT, LOCK, PRIVATE, UNRESTRICT,
MWA, SWA, & PAUSE.
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?33
UNLOCK
GEN. FORM: UNLOCK #FILE NUMBER [,RETURN VARIABLE]
THE UNLOCK STATEMENT ALLOWS THE FILE TO BE RELEASED TO ALLOW
OTHERS TO REFERENCE THE FILE.
RETURN VALUE MEANING
0 FILE SUCCESSFULLY UNLOCKED
1 FILE ALREADY UNLOCKED
2 FILE NUMBER INVALID
ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?34
UPDATE
GEN. FORM: UPDATE #FILE NUMBER ; NUMERIC EXPRESSION
OR
UPDATE #FILE NUMBER ; SOURCE STRING
THE UPDATE STATEMENT REPLACES THE NEXT SEQUENTIAL ITEM IN THE
FILE. THE DATA MUST BE OF THE SAME TYPE WHEN UPDATING AN ITEM
A ASCII FILE CAN NOT BE UPDATED. IF THE NEW STRING IS LONGER
THAN THE OLD STRING THEN THE NEW STRING WILL BE CUT OFF AT THE LENGTH
OF THE OLD STRING. BE VERY CAREFUL WHEN FIRST USING THIS STATEMENT
BECAUSE YOU CAN EASILY RUIN A FILE.
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